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| Symbol | Description | Subject | Level | Frequency | Aliases | LaTeX | Unicode | Related | Example | Common fields |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ø denotes diameter in dimensions & tolerances. | Dimensions & Tolerances | Intermediate | Frequent | Diameter 直径 | \varnothing | U+00D8 | — | Ø20 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| R denotes radius in dimensions & tolerances. | Dimensions & Tolerances | Intermediate | Frequent | Radius 半径 | R | U+0052 | — | R10 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| SR denotes spherical radius in dimensions & tolerances. | Dimensions & Tolerances | Intermediate | Frequent | Spherical radius 球面半径 | \mathrm{SR} | U+0053 + U+0052 | — | SR25 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| SØ denotes spherical diameter in dimensions & tolerances. | Dimensions & Tolerances | Intermediate | Frequent | Spherical diameter 球面直径 | \mathrm{S}\varnothing | U+0053 + U+00D8 | — | SØ30 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| □ denotes square section in dimensions & tolerances. | Dimensions & Tolerances | Intermediate | Frequent | Square section 正方形截面 | \square | U+25A1 | — | □12 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ⌒ denotes arc length in dimensions & tolerances. | Dimensions & Tolerances | Intermediate | Frequent | Arc length 弧长 | \frown | U+2312 | — | ⌒ 25 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ± denotes plus-minus tolerance in dimensions & tolerances. | Dimensions & Tolerances | Intermediate | Frequent | Plus-minus tolerance 正负公差 | \pm | U+00B1 | — | 20 ±0.1 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| REF denotes reference dimension in dimensions & tolerances. | Dimensions & Tolerances | Intermediate | Frequent | Reference dimension 参考尺寸 | \mathrm{REF} | U+0052 + U+0045 + U+0046 | — | (25 REF) | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| TYP denotes typical dimension in dimensions & tolerances. | Dimensions & Tolerances | Intermediate | Frequent | Typical dimension 典型尺寸 | \mathrm{TYP} | U+0054 + U+0059 + U+0050 | — | 4× Ø5 TYP | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| THRU denotes through in dimensions & tolerances. | Dimensions & Tolerances | Intermediate | Frequent | Through 贯穿 | \mathrm{THRU} | U+0054 + U+0048 + U+0052 + U+0055 | — | Ø8 THRU | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ↧ denotes depth in dimensions & tolerances. | Dimensions & Tolerances | Intermediate | Frequent | Depth 深度 | \downarrow | U+21A7 | — | ↧ 12 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ⌴ denotes counterbore in dimensions & tolerances. | Dimensions & Tolerances | Intermediate | Frequent | Counterbore 沉孔 | \counterbore | U+2334 | — | ⌴ Ø12 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ⌵ denotes countersink in dimensions & tolerances. | Dimensions & Tolerances | Intermediate | Frequent | Countersink 锪孔 | \countersink | U+2335 | — | ⌵ 90° | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ⌖ denotes position in geometric tolerancing. | Geometric Tolerancing | Intermediate | Frequent | Position 位置度 | \position | U+2316 | — | ⌖ Ø0.2 A B | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ○ denotes circularity in geometric tolerancing. | Geometric Tolerancing | Intermediate | Frequent | Circularity 圆度 | \bigcirc | U+25CB | — | ○ 0.05 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ⌭ denotes cylindricity in geometric tolerancing. | Geometric Tolerancing | Intermediate | Frequent | Cylindricity 圆柱度 | \cylindricity | U+232D | — | ⌭ 0.03 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| — denotes straightness in geometric tolerancing. | Geometric Tolerancing | Intermediate | Frequent | Straightness 直线度 | - | U+2014 | — | — 0.02 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ▱ denotes flatness in geometric tolerancing. | Geometric Tolerancing | Intermediate | Frequent | Flatness 平面度 | \parallelogram | U+25B1 | — | ▱ 0.05 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ∥ denotes parallelism in geometric tolerancing. | Geometric Tolerancing | Intermediate | Frequent | Parallelism 平行度 | \parallel | U+2225 | — | ∥ 0.1 A | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ⊥ denotes perpendicularity in geometric tolerancing. | Geometric Tolerancing | Intermediate | Frequent | Perpendicularity 垂直度 | \perp | U+22A5 | — | ⊥ 0.1 A | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ∠ denotes angularity in geometric tolerancing. | Geometric Tolerancing | Intermediate | Frequent | Angularity 倾斜度 | \angle | U+2220 | — | ∠ 0.1 A | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ⌒ denotes profile of a line in geometric tolerancing. | Geometric Tolerancing | Intermediate | Frequent | Profile of a line 线轮廓度 | \frown | U+2312 | — | ⌒ 0.1 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ⌓ denotes profile of a surface in geometric tolerancing. | Geometric Tolerancing | Intermediate | Frequent | Profile of a surface 面轮廓度 | \profile | U+2313 | — | ⌓ 0.2 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ◎ denotes concentricity in geometric tolerancing. | Geometric Tolerancing | Intermediate | Frequent | Concentricity 同心度 | \odot | U+25CE | — | ◎ 0.05 A | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ↗ denotes circular run-out in geometric tolerancing. | Geometric Tolerancing | Intermediate | Frequent | Circular run-out 圆跳动 | \nearrow | U+2197 | — | ↗ 0.03 A | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ↗↗ denotes total run-out in geometric tolerancing. | Geometric Tolerancing | Intermediate | Frequent | Total run-out 全跳动 | \nearrow\nearrow | U+2197 + U+2197 | — | ↗↗ 0.05 A | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| Ra denotes arithmetic mean roughness in surface & materials. | Surface & Materials | Intermediate | Frequent | Arithmetic mean roughness 算术平均粗糙度 | R_a | U+0052 + U+0061 | — | Ra 1.6 μm | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| Rz denotes maximum height roughness in surface & materials. | Surface & Materials | Intermediate | Frequent | Maximum height roughness 最大高度粗糙度 | R_z | U+0052 + U+007A | — | Rz 6.3 μm | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| HV denotes vickers hardness in surface & materials. | Surface & Materials | Intermediate | Frequent | Vickers hardness 维氏硬度 | \mathrm{HV} | U+0048 + U+0056 | — | 250 HV | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| HBW denotes brinell hardness in surface & materials. | Surface & Materials | Intermediate | Frequent | Brinell hardness 布氏硬度 | \mathrm{HBW} | U+0048 + U+0042 + U+0057 | — | 200 HBW | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| HRC denotes rockwell c hardness in surface & materials. | Surface & Materials | Intermediate | Frequent | Rockwell C hardness 洛氏 C 硬度 | \mathrm{HRC} | U+0048 + U+0052 + U+0043 | — | 45 HRC | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| M denotes machining allowance in surface & materials. | Surface & Materials | Intermediate | Frequent | Machining allowance 机加工余量 | M | U+004D | — | M 2 mm | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ⌁ denotes field weld in welding & manufacturing. | Welding & Manufacturing | Intermediate | Frequent | Field weld 现场焊缝 | \sim | U+2301 | — | 现场焊接标记 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| △ denotes fillet weld in welding & manufacturing. | Welding & Manufacturing | Intermediate | Frequent | Fillet weld 角焊缝 | \triangle | U+25B3 | — | △ 6 | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| ○ denotes weld all around in welding & manufacturing. | Welding & Manufacturing | Intermediate | Frequent | Weld all around 全周焊缝 | \bigcirc | U+25CB | — | ○ at arrow junction | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection | |
| NTS denotes not to scale in welding & manufacturing. | Welding & Manufacturing | Intermediate | Frequent | Not to scale 不按比例 | \mathrm{NTS} | U+004E + U+0054 + U+0053 | — | NTS | Mechanical engineering, manufacturing, construction, inspection |
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A symbol may mean different things across disciplines and standards. Always interpret it with its subject, context, and cited sources.